Overview of Cerebral Palsy


Overview of Cerebral Palsy


What is cerebral palsy?

Cerebral palsy is generally referred to as central dyskinesia caused by non progressive brain injuries or encephalodysplasia that result from various reasons before or during the first month of a child’s life. Cerebral palsy is the common syndrome of central nervous system disorders, and  the lesion part is brain, involved extremities. Patients with cerebral palsy often are accompanied by mental deficiency, epilepsy, behavior disorder, mental disorder and visual, auditory, language disorder and other symptoms.


What are the types of cerebral palsy?

Cerebral palsy can be divided into six categories and each category has different manifestations. These six categories are spastic cerebral palsy, dyskinetic cerebral palsy, rigid cerebral palsy, ataxic cerebral palsy, hypotonic cerebral palsy and mixed type cerebral palsy.

Spastic cerebral palsy: This type is most common among infants with cerebral palsy, accounting for 65%. Spastic cerebral palsy is mainly characterized by muscle spasms and rigidity of hands and feet, making a fist with palm down. Child’s legs show crossing when the child is upright and child have scissoring state when walking. Moreover, child’s legs obviously hang down just like the tiptoe of ballet dancers.

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy: This type accounts for 15-20% of all infants with cerebral palsy, which is mainly characterized by involuntary movements of hands, feet and body, such as strange face and uncontrolled twisting of neck.

Rigid cerebral palsy: It is characterized by stiff hands and feet, flexion and extension resistance and difficult in moving.

Ataxic cerebral palsy: This type accounts for 5% of all infants with cerebral palsy, which is mainly characterized by balance dysfunction, which means that patients are unable to maintain fixed posture.

Hypotonic cerebral palsy: Patients with this type have symptoms including unable to stand and walk, unable to raise their head and neck, excessive movement range of joints, active joint reflection and pathological reflex. Moreover, patients often accompanied by aphasia and mental retardation.

Mixed cerebral palsy: This type has the manifestations and features of more than two types above at the same time.

What causes cerebral palsy?

Then, what causes cerebral palsy? According to data analysis, causes can be specifically classified as the following three points:

1.  Prenatal factors: Factors of mother and father including smoking, alcoholism, drug abuse, and mother has mental problems and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, genetic factors (such as there are relatives with cerebral palsy, mental retardation and others in the family), threatened abortion, intrauterine infection, twins or multiplets, fetal distress in uterus, umbilical cord around the neck, placenta previa, placental abruption and others.

2. Factors during deliver: Intrauterine asphyxia and asphyxia outside the uterus, difficult delivery and various birth injuries.

3. Postpartum factors: Premature body constitution/ low birth weight, neonatal asphyxia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, intracranial hemorrhage of the newborn, infection of central nervous system in newborn infants and others.

It is currently believed that the four factors resulting in cerebral palsy are: premature/low birth weight, neonatal asphyxia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and intrauterine infection. And it is related to genetic factors. Understanding the causes of cerebral palsy and receive diagnosis in a timely manner so as to improve the recovery chance.


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