Symptoms and Harms of Kidney Failure


Symptoms and Harms of Kidney Failure
The human kidney has strong compensatory ability and there will be no symptoms or little symptoms before 80% of kidney tissues are damaged (or before the glomerular filtration rate drops to 25ml/minute). Some patients with polycystic kidney may have no symptoms even if the glomerular filtration rate is below 10ml/minute. This is due to that remaining kidney tissues have strong adaptive functions and can barely maintain the kidney functions. In the late stage of chronic kidney failure, all systems of body will be damaged.

1. Abnormality of digestive system is the earliest and most common symptom. Common symptoms are as follows:
(1) Anorexia (inappetence often appears earlier).
(2) Nausea, vomiting and abdominal distention.
(3) Tongue and oral ulcer.
(4) Smell of urine in mouth.
(5) Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
2. Hematological system abnormalities. Clinical manifestations are
(1) Anemia (common symptom of uremic patients).
(2) Bleeding tendency. Such as skin and mucous membrane bleeding.
(3) Susceptible to infection.
3. Damages on the Cardiovascular System is the most common cause for death of patients with chronic kidney failure. Its clinical manifestations are:
(1)Hypertension. The majority of patients (above 80%) have different degrees of hypertension, which may result in arteriosclerosis, left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure.
(2) Heart failure. Myocardiopathy is the common manifestation.
(3) Pericarditis
(4) Atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. This symptom may develop rapidly and it is more obvious in hemodialysis patients.
4. Damages on nerve and muscle system. Symptoms and manifestations of patients are:
(1) In early period, patients’ symptoms include fatigue, insomnia and attention deficit disorder.
(2) In late period, patients have peripheral neuropathy.
(3) Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome. It is related to dialysis and often occurs in people receiving dialysis for the first time. Manifestations include nausea, vomiting, headache and even  convulsion when the condition is serious.

5. Renal osteopathia. Patients may:
(1) Spontaneous fracture.
(2) Sore in bones, difficulty in walking, etc.
6. Respiratory system injury. Patients may have: 
(1) Deep and long breath in case of metabolic acidosis.
(2) Uremigenic bronchitis, pneumonia (butterfly swing), pleuritis, etc.
7. Skin lesions. Patients may have:
Itchy skin, sedimentation of urea frost, uremia face and no improvement after dialysis.
8. Endocrine dysfunction
It is characterized by that patients have gonadal maturation disorder or atrophy, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, amenorrhoea, sterility, impotence and others.
9. Combined with server infection
    Patients are susceptible to infection and pulmonary infection is very common. After infection, the fever symptom may not be obvious as in normal people.


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